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sirna |
Wiki
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Function
Find siRNA duplexes in mRNADescription
Finds siRNA duplexes in mRNA. The output is a standard EMBOSS report file. The siRNAs are reported in order of best score first. sirna reports both the sense and antisense siRNAs as 5' to 3'.
Algorithm
for each input sequence:
find the start position of the CDS in the feature table
if there is no such CDS, take the -sbegin position as the CDS start
for each 23 base window along the sequence:
set the score for this window = 0
if base 2 of the window is not 'a': ignore this window
if the window is within 50 bases of the CDS start: ignore this window
if the window is within 100 bases of the CDS: score = -2
measure the %GC of the 20 bases from position 2 to 21 of the window
for the following %GC values change the score:
%GC <= 25% (<= 5 bases): ignore this window
%GC 30% (6 bases): score + 0
%GC 35% (7 bases): score + 2
%GC 40% (8 bases): score + 4
%GC 45% (9 bases): score + 5
%GC 50% (10 bases): score + 6
%GC 55% (11 bases): score + 5
%GC 60% (12 bases): score + 4
%GC 65% (13 bases): score + 2
%GC 70% (14 bases): score + 0
%GC >= 75% (>= 15 bases): ignore this window
if the window starts with a 'AA': score + 3
if the window does not start 'AA' and it is required: ignore this window
if the window ends with a 'TT': score + 1
if the window does not end 'TT' and it is required: ignore this window
if 4 G's in a row are found: ignore this window
if any 4 bases in a row are present and not required: ignore this window
if PolIII probes are required and the window is not NARN(17)YNN: ignore this window
if the score is > 0: store this window for output
sort the windows found by their score
output the 23-base windows to the sequence file
if the 'context' qualifier is specified, output window bases 1 and 2 in brackets to the report file
take the window bases 3 to 21, add 'dTdT' output to the report file
take the window bases 3 to 21, reverse complement, add 'dTdT' output to the report file
Usage
Here is a sample session with sirna
% sirna Find siRNA duplexes in mRNA Input nucleotide sequence(s): tembl:x65923 Output report [x65923.sirna]: output sequence(s) [x65923.fasta]: |
Go to the input files for this example
Go to the output files for this example
Example 2
Show the first two bases of the 23 base target region in brackets. These do not form part of the sequence to be ordered, but it is useful to see if the 23 base region starts with an 'AA'.
% sirna -context Find siRNA duplexes in mRNA Input nucleotide sequence(s): tembl:x65923 Output report [x65923.sirna]: output sequence(s) [x65923.fasta]: |
Go to the output files for this example
Command line arguments
Find siRNA duplexes in mRNA
Version: EMBOSS:6.6.0.0
Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers:
[-sequence] seqall Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional
format, or reference (input USA)
[-outfile] report [*.sirna] The output is a table of the
forward and reverse parts of the 21 base
siRNA duplex. Both the forward and reverse
sequences are written 5' to 3', ready to be
ordered. The last two bases have been
replaced by 'dTdT'. The starting position of
the 23 base region and the %GC content is
also given. If you wish to see the complete
23 base sequence, then either look at the
sequence in the other output file, or use
the qualifier '-context' which will display
the 23 bases of the forward sequence in this
report with the first two bases in
brackets. These first two bases do not form
part of the siRNA probe to be ordered.
(default -rformat table)
[-outseq] seqoutall [
|
| Qualifier | Type | Description | Allowed values | Default |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard (Mandatory) qualifiers | ||||
| [-sequence] (Parameter 1) |
seqall | Nucleotide sequence(s) filename and optional format, or reference (input USA) | Readable sequence(s) | Required |
| [-outfile] (Parameter 2) |
report | The output is a table of the forward and reverse parts of the 21 base siRNA duplex. Both the forward and reverse sequences are written 5' to 3', ready to be ordered. The last two bases have been replaced by 'dTdT'. The starting position of the 23 base region and the %GC content is also given. If you wish to see the complete 23 base sequence, then either look at the sequence in the other output file, or use the qualifier '-context' which will display the 23 bases of the forward sequence in this report with the first two bases in brackets. These first two bases do not form part of the siRNA probe to be ordered. | (default -rformat table) | <*>.sirna |
| [-outseq] (Parameter 3) |
seqoutall | This is a file of the sequences of the 23 base regions that the siRNAs are selected from. You may use it to do searches of mRNA databases (e.g. REFSEQ) to confirm that the probes are unique to the gene you wish to use it on. | Writeable sequence(s) | <*>.format |
| Additional (Optional) qualifiers | ||||
| -poliii | boolean | This option allows you to select only the 21 base probes that start with a purine and so can be expressed from Pol III expression vectors. This is the NARN(17)YNN pattern that has been suggested by Tuschl et al. | Boolean value Yes/No | No |
| -aa | boolean | This option allows you to select only those 23 base regions that start with AA. If this option is not selected then regions that start with AA will be favoured by giving them a higher score, but regions that do not start with AA will also be reported. | Boolean value Yes/No | No |
| -tt | boolean | This option allows you to select only those 23 base regions that end with TT. If this option is not selected then regions that end with TT will be favoured by giving them a higher score, but regions that do not end with TT will also be reported. | Boolean value Yes/No | No |
| -[no]polybase | boolean | If this option is FALSE then only those 23 base regions that have no repeat of 4 or more of any bases in a row will be reported. No regions will ever be reported that have 4 or more G's in a row. | Boolean value Yes/No | Yes |
| -context | boolean | The output report file gives the sequences of the 21 base siRNA regions ready to be ordered. This does not give you an indication of the 2 bases before the 21 bases. It is often interesting to see which of the suggested possible probe regions have an 'AA' in front of them (i.e. it is useful to see which of the 23 base regions start with an 'AA'). This option displays the whole 23 bases of the region with the first two bases in brackets, e.g. '(AA)' to give you some context for the probe region. YOU SHOULD NOT INCLUDE THE TWO BASES IN BRACKETS WHEN YOU PLACE AN ORDER FOR THE PROBES. | Boolean value Yes/No | No |
| Advanced (Unprompted) qualifiers | ||||
| (none) | ||||
| Associated qualifiers | ||||
| "-sequence" associated seqall qualifiers | ||||
| -sbegin1 -sbegin_sequence |
integer | Start of each sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -send1 -send_sequence |
integer | End of each sequence to be used | Any integer value | 0 |
| -sreverse1 -sreverse_sequence |
boolean | Reverse (if DNA) | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sask1 -sask_sequence |
boolean | Ask for begin/end/reverse | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -snucleotide1 -snucleotide_sequence |
boolean | Sequence is nucleotide | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sprotein1 -sprotein_sequence |
boolean | Sequence is protein | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -slower1 -slower_sequence |
boolean | Make lower case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -supper1 -supper_sequence |
boolean | Make upper case | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -scircular1 -scircular_sequence |
boolean | Sequence is circular | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -squick1 -squick_sequence |
boolean | Read id and sequence only | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -sformat1 -sformat_sequence |
string | Input sequence format | Any string | |
| -iquery1 -iquery_sequence |
string | Input query fields or ID list | Any string | |
| -ioffset1 -ioffset_sequence |
integer | Input start position offset | Any integer value | 0 |
| -sdbname1 -sdbname_sequence |
string | Database name | Any string | |
| -sid1 -sid_sequence |
string | Entryname | Any string | |
| -ufo1 -ufo_sequence |
string | UFO features | Any string | |
| -fformat1 -fformat_sequence |
string | Features format | Any string | |
| -fopenfile1 -fopenfile_sequence |
string | Features file name | Any string | |
| "-outfile" associated report qualifiers | ||||
| -rformat2 -rformat_outfile |
string | Report format | Any string | table |
| -rname2 -rname_outfile |
string | Base file name | Any string | |
| -rextension2 -rextension_outfile |
string | File name extension | Any string | |
| -rdirectory2 -rdirectory_outfile |
string | Output directory | Any string | |
| -raccshow2 -raccshow_outfile |
boolean | Show accession number in the report | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -rdesshow2 -rdesshow_outfile |
boolean | Show description in the report | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -rscoreshow2 -rscoreshow_outfile |
boolean | Show the score in the report | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -rstrandshow2 -rstrandshow_outfile |
boolean | Show the nucleotide strand in the report | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -rusashow2 -rusashow_outfile |
boolean | Show the full USA in the report | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -rmaxall2 -rmaxall_outfile |
integer | Maximum total hits to report | Any integer value | 0 |
| -rmaxseq2 -rmaxseq_outfile |
integer | Maximum hits to report for one sequence | Any integer value | 0 |
| "-outseq" associated seqoutall qualifiers | ||||
| -osformat3 -osformat_outseq |
string | Output seq format | Any string | |
| -osextension3 -osextension_outseq |
string | File name extension | Any string | |
| -osname3 -osname_outseq |
string | Base file name | Any string | |
| -osdirectory3 -osdirectory_outseq |
string | Output directory | Any string | |
| -osdbname3 -osdbname_outseq |
string | Database name to add | Any string | |
| -ossingle3 -ossingle_outseq |
boolean | Separate file for each entry | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -oufo3 -oufo_outseq |
string | UFO features | Any string | |
| -offormat3 -offormat_outseq |
string | Features format | Any string | |
| -ofname3 -ofname_outseq |
string | Features file name | Any string | |
| -ofdirectory3 -ofdirectory_outseq |
string | Output directory | Any string | |
| General qualifiers | ||||
| -auto | boolean | Turn off prompts | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -stdout | boolean | Write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -filter | boolean | Read first file from standard input, write first file to standard output | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -options | boolean | Prompt for standard and additional values | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -debug | boolean | Write debug output to program.dbg | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -verbose | boolean | Report some/full command line options | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -help | boolean | Report command line options and exit. More information on associated and general qualifiers can be found with -help -verbose | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
| -warning | boolean | Report warnings | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -error | boolean | Report errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -fatal | boolean | Report fatal errors | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -die | boolean | Report dying program messages | Boolean value Yes/No | Y |
| -version | boolean | Report version number and exit | Boolean value Yes/No | N |
Input file format
The input is a standard EMBOSS sequence query (also known as a 'USA').
Major sequence database sources defined as standard in EMBOSS installations include srs:embl, srs:uniprot and ensembl
Data can also be read from sequence output in any supported format written by an EMBOSS or third-party application.
The input format can be specified by using the command-line qualifier -sformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name of the required format. The available format names are: gff (gff3), gff2, embl (em), genbank (gb, refseq), ddbj, refseqp, pir (nbrf), swissprot (swiss, sw), dasgff and debug.
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/SequenceFormats.html for further information on sequence formats.
Input files for usage example
'tembl:x65923' is a sequence entry in the example nucleic acid database 'tembl'
Database entry: tembl:x65923
ID X65923; SV 1; linear; mRNA; STD; HUM; 518 BP.
XX
AC X65923;
XX
DT 13-MAY-1992 (Rel. 31, Created)
DT 18-APR-2005 (Rel. 83, Last updated, Version 11)
XX
DE H.sapiens fau mRNA
XX
KW fau gene.
XX
OS Homo sapiens (human)
OC Eukaryota; Metazoa; Chordata; Craniata; Vertebrata; Euteleostomi; Mammalia;
OC Eutheria; Euarchontoglires; Primates; Haplorrhini; Catarrhini; Hominidae;
OC Homo.
XX
RN [1]
RP 1-518
RA Michiels L.M.R.;
RT ;
RL Submitted (29-APR-1992) to the INSDC.
RL L.M.R. Michiels, University of Antwerp, Dept of Biochemistry,
RL Universiteisplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, BELGIUM
XX
RN [2]
RP 1-518
RX PUBMED; 8395683.
RA Michiels L., Van der Rauwelaert E., Van Hasselt F., Kas K., Merregaert J.;
RT "fau cDNA encodes a ubiquitin-like-S30 fusion protein and is expressed as
RT an antisense sequence in the Finkel-Biskis-Reilly murine sarcoma virus";
RL Oncogene 8(9):2537-2546(1993).
XX
DR Ensembl-Gn; ENSG00000149806; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000279259; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000434372; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000525297; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000526555; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000527548; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000529259; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000529639; Homo_sapiens.
DR Ensembl-Tr; ENST00000531743; Homo_sapiens.
XX
FH Key Location/Qualifiers
FH
FT source 1..518
FT /organism="Homo sapiens"
FT /chromosome="11q"
FT /map="13"
FT /mol_type="mRNA"
FT /clone_lib="cDNA"
FT /clone="pUIA 631"
FT /tissue_type="placenta"
FT /db_xref="taxon:9606"
FT misc_feature 57..278
FT /note="ubiquitin like part"
FT CDS 57..458
FT /gene="fau"
FT /db_xref="GDB:135476"
FT /db_xref="GOA:P35544"
FT /db_xref="GOA:P62861"
FT /db_xref="H-InvDB:HIT000322806.14"
FT /db_xref="HGNC:3597"
FT /db_xref="InterPro:IPR000626"
FT /db_xref="InterPro:IPR006846"
FT /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019954"
FT /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019955"
FT /db_xref="InterPro:IPR019956"
FT /db_xref="PDB:2L7R"
FT /db_xref="UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P35544"
FT /db_xref="UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot:P62861"
FT /protein_id="CAA46716.1"
FT /translation="MQLFVRAQELHTFEVTGQETVAQIKAHVASLEGIAPEDQVVLLAG
FT APLEDEATLGQCGVEALTTLEVAGRMLGGKVHGSLARAGKVRGQTPKVAKQEKKKKKTG
FT RAKRRMQYNRRFVNVVPTFGKKKGPNANS"
FT misc_feature 98..102
FT /note="nucleolar localization signal"
FT misc_feature 279..458
FT /note="S30 part"
FT polyA_signal 484..489
FT polyA_site 509
XX
SQ Sequence 518 BP; 125 A; 139 C; 148 G; 106 T; 0 other;
ttcctctttc tcgactccat cttcgcggta gctgggaccg ccgttcagtc gccaatatgc 60
agctctttgt ccgcgcccag gagctacaca ccttcgaggt gaccggccag gaaacggtcg 120
cccagatcaa ggctcatgta gcctcactgg agggcattgc cccggaagat caagtcgtgc 180
tcctggcagg cgcgcccctg gaggatgagg ccactctggg ccagtgcggg gtggaggccc 240
tgactaccct ggaagtagca ggccgcatgc ttggaggtaa agttcatggt tccctggccc 300
gtgctggaaa agtgagaggt cagactccta aggtggccaa acaggagaag aagaagaaga 360
agacaggtcg ggctaagcgg cggatgcagt acaaccggcg ctttgtcaac gttgtgccca 420
cctttggcaa gaagaagggc cccaatgcca actcttaagt cttttgtaat tctggctttc 480
tctaataaaa aagccactta gttcagtcaa aaaaaaaa 518
//
|
Output file format
The output is a standard EMBOSS report file.
The results can be output in one of several styles by using the command-line qualifier -rformat xxx, where 'xxx' is replaced by the name of the required format. The available format names are: embl, genbank, gff, pir, swiss, dasgff, debug, listfile, dbmotif, diffseq, draw, restrict, excel, feattable, motif, nametable, regions, seqtable, simple, srs, table, tagseq.
See: http://emboss.sf.net/docs/themes/ReportFormats.html for further information on report formats.
sirna outputs a report format file. The default format is 'table'.
Output files for usage example
File: x65923.sirna
########################################
# Program: sirna
# Rundate: Mon 15 Jul 2013 12:00:00
# Commandline: sirna
# -sequence tembl:x65923
# Report_format: table
# Report_file: x65923.sirna
########################################
#=======================================
#
# Sequence: X65923 from: 1 to: 518
# HitCount: 85
#
# CDS region found in feature table starting at 57
#
#=======================================
Start End Strand Score GC% Sense_siRNA Antisense_siRNA
308 330 + 9.000 50.0 AAGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCdTdT GGAGUCUGACCUCUCACUUdTdT
309 331 + 9.000 50.0 AGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUdTdT AGGAGUCUGACCUCUCACUdTdT
310 332 + 9.000 50.0 GUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUAdTdT UAGGAGUCUGACCUCUCACdTdT
351 373 + 9.000 50.0 GAAGAAGAAGACAGGUCGGdTdT CCGACCUGUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
166 188 + 8.000 55.0 GAUCAAGUCGUGCUCCUGGdTdT CCAGGAGCACGACUUGAUCdTdT
279 301 + 8.000 55.0 AGUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCCdTdT GGCCAGGGAACCAUGAACUdTdT
330 352 + 8.000 55.0 GGUGGCCAAACAGGAGAAGdTdT CUUCUCCUGUUUGGCCACCdTdT
354 376 + 8.000 55.0 GAAGAAGACAGGUCGGGCUdTdT AGCCCGACCUGUCUUCUUCdTdT
357 379 + 8.000 55.0 GAAGACAGGUCGGGCUAAGdTdT CUUAGCCCGACCUGUCUUCdTdT
393 415 + 8.000 55.0 CCGGCGCUUUGUCAACGUUdTdT AACGUUGACAAAGCGCCGGdTdT
253 275 + 7.000 60.0 GUAGCAGGCCGCAUGCUUGdTdT CAAGCAUGCGGCCUGCUACdTdT
280 302 + 7.000 60.0 GUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCCCdTdT GGGCCAGGGAACCAUGAACdTdT
339 361 + 7.000 40.0 ACAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGdTdT CUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGUdTdT
340 362 + 7.000 40.0 CAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGAdTdT UCUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGdTdT
348 370 + 7.000 40.0 GAAGAAGAAGAAGACAGGUdTdT ACCUGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
375 397 + 7.000 60.0 GCGGCGGAUGCAGUACAACdTdT GUUGUACUGCAUCCGCCGCdTdT
408 430 + 7.000 60.0 CGUUGUGCCCACCUUUGGCdTdT GCCAAAGGUGGGCACAACGdTdT
429 451 + 7.000 60.0 GAAGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCdTdT GGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUUCdTdT
432 454 + 7.000 60.0 GAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCAACdTdT GUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCdTdT
435 457 + 7.000 60.0 GGGCCCCAAUGCCAACUCUdTdT AGAGUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCdTdT
488 510 + 7.000 40.0 AAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCdTdT GACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUdTdT
489 511 + 7.000 40.0 AAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAdTdT UGACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUdTdT
490 512 + 7.000 40.0 AGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAAdTdT UUGACUGAACUAAGUGGCUdTdT
491 513 + 7.000 40.0 GCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAAAdTdT UUUGACUGAACUAAGUGGCdTdT
129 151 + 6.000 55.0 GGCUCAUGUAGCCUCACUGdTdT CAGUGAGGCUACAUGAGCCdTdT
165 187 + 6.000 50.0 AGAUCAAGUCGUGCUCCUGdTdT CAGGAGCACGACUUGAUCUdTdT
278 300 + 6.000 50.0 AAGUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCdTdT GCCAGGGAACCAUGAACUUdTdT
314 336 + 6.000 50.0 GAGGUCAGACUCCUAAGGUdTdT ACCUUAGGAGUCUGACCUCdTdT
321 343 + 6.000 50.0 GACUCCUAAGGUGGCCAAAdTdT UUUGGCCACCUUAGGAGUCdTdT
323 345 + 6.000 50.0 CUCCUAAGGUGGCCAAACAdTdT UGUUUGGCCACCUUAGGAGdTdT
329 351 + 6.000 50.0 AGGUGGCCAAACAGGAGAAdTdT UUCUCCUGUUUGGCCACCUdTdT
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
374 396 + 5.000 55.0 AGCGGCGGAUGCAGUACAAdTdT UUGUACUGCAUCCGCCGCUdTdT
383 405 + 5.000 55.0 UGCAGUACAACCGGCGCUUdTdT AAGCGCCGGUUGUACUGCAdTdT
387 409 + 5.000 55.0 GUACAACCGGCGCUUUGUCdTdT GACAAAGCGCCGGUUGUACdTdT
390 412 + 5.000 55.0 CAACCGGCGCUUUGUCAACdTdT GUUGACAAAGCGCCGGUUGdTdT
392 414 + 5.000 55.0 ACCGGCGCUUUGUCAACGUdTdT ACGUUGACAAAGCGCCGGUdTdT
407 429 + 5.000 55.0 ACGUUGUGCCCACCUUUGGdTdT CCAAAGGUGGGCACAACGUdTdT
428 450 + 5.000 55.0 AGAAGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCdTdT GCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUUCUdTdT
431 453 + 5.000 55.0 AGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCAAdTdT UUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUdTdT
434 456 + 5.000 60.0 AGGGCCCCAAUGCCAACUCdTdT GAGUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUdTdT
444 466 + 5.000 35.0 UGCCAACUCUUAAGUCUUUdTdT AAAGACUUAAGAGUUGGCAdTdT
487 509 + 5.000 35.0 AAAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUdTdT ACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUUdTdT
123 145 + 4.000 50.0 GAUCAAGGCUCAUGUAGCCdTdT GGCUACAUGAGCCUUGAUCdTdT
125 147 + 4.000 50.0 UCAAGGCUCAUGUAGCCUCdTdT GAGGCUACAUGAGCCUUGAdTdT
128 150 + 4.000 50.0 AGGCUCAUGUAGCCUCACUdTdT AGUGAGGCUACAUGAGCCUdTdT
155 177 + 4.000 50.0 UUGCCCCGGAAGAUCAAGUdTdT ACUUGAUCUUCCGGGGCAAdTdT
234 256 + 4.000 60.0 GGCCCUGACUACCCUGGAAdTdT UUCCAGGGUAGUCAGGGCCdTdT
259 281 + 4.000 60.0 GGCCGCAUGCUUGGAGGUAdTdT UACCUCCAAGCAUGCGGCCdTdT
266 288 + 4.000 40.0 UGCUUGGAGGUAAAGUUCAdTdT UGAACUUUACCUCCAAGCAdTdT
342 364 + 4.000 40.0 GGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGdTdT CUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCdTdT
347 369 + 4.000 40.0 AGAAGAAGAAGAAGACAGGdTdT CCUGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUdTdT
359 381 + 4.000 60.0 AGACAGGUCGGGCUAAGCGdTdT CGCUUAGCCCGACCUGUCUdTdT
111 133 + 3.000 55.0 AACGGUCGCCCAGAUCAAGdTdT CUUGAUCUGGGCGACCGUUdTdT
113 135 + 3.000 65.0 CGGUCGCCCAGAUCAAGGCdTdT GCCUUGAUCUGGGCGACCGdTdT
172 194 + 3.000 70.0 GUCGUGCUCCUGGCAGGCGdTdT CGCCUGCCAGGAGCACGACdTdT
443 465 + 3.000 35.0 AUGCCAACUCUUAAGUCUUdTdT AAGACUUAAGAGUUGGCAUdTdT
456 478 + 3.000 35.0 AGUCUUUUGUAAUUCUGGCdTdT GCCAGAAUUACAAAAGACUdTdT
468 490 + 3.000 30.0 UUCUGGCUUUCUCUAAUAAdTdT UUAUUAGAGAAAGCCAGAAdTdT
484 506 + 3.000 30.0 UAAAAAAGCCACUUAGUUCdTdT GAACUAAGUGGCUUUUUUAdTdT
108 130 + 2.000 60.0 GGAAACGGUCGCCCAGAUCdTdT GAUCUGGGCGACCGUUUCCdTdT
135 157 + 2.000 60.0 UGUAGCCUCACUGGAGGGCdTdT GCCCUCCAGUGAGGCUACAdTdT
139 161 + 2.000 60.0 GCCUCACUGGAGGGCAUUGdTdT CAAUGCCCUCCAGUGAGGCdTdT
150 172 + 2.000 60.0 GGGCAUUGCCCCGGAAGAUdTdT AUCUUCCGGGGCAAUGCCCdTdT
171 193 + 2.000 65.0 AGUCGUGCUCCUGGCAGGCdTdT GCCUGCCAGGAGCACGACUdTdT
201 223 + 2.000 65.0 GGAUGAGGCCACUCUGGGCdTdT GCCCAGAGUGGCCUCAUCCdTdT
204 226 + 2.000 65.0 UGAGGCCACUCUGGGCCAGdTdT CUGGCCCAGAGUGGCCUCAdTdT
245 267 + 2.000 65.0 CCCUGGAAGUAGCAGGCCGdTdT CGGCCUGCUACUUCCAGGGdTdT
256 278 + 2.000 65.0 GCAGGCCGCAUGCUUGGAGdTdT CUCCAAGCAUGCGGCCUGCdTdT
285 307 + 2.000 65.0 UGGUUCCCUGGCCCGUGCUdTdT AGCACGGGCCAGGGAACCAdTdT
338 360 + 2.000 35.0 AACAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAdTdT UUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGUUdTdT
345 367 + 2.000 35.0 GAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGACAdTdT UGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
486 508 + 2.000 35.0 AAAAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGdTdT CUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUUUdTdT
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
# Total_sequences: 1
# Total_length: 518
# Reported_sequences: 1
# Reported_hitcount: 85
#---------------------------------------
|
File: x65923.fasta
>X65923_308 %GC 50.0 Score 9 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaaagtgagaggtcagactccta >X65923_309 %GC 50.0 Score 9 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaagtgagaggtcagactcctaa >X65923_310 %GC 50.0 Score 9 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagtgagaggtcagactcctaag >X65923_351 %GC 50.0 Score 9 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagaagaagacaggtcgggc >X65923_166 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagatcaagtcgtgctcctggca >X65923_279 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaagttcatggttccctggcccg >X65923_330 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaggtggccaaacaggagaagaa >X65923_354 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagaagacaggtcgggctaa >X65923_357 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagacaggtcgggctaagcg >X65923_393 %GC 55.0 Score 8 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaccggcgctttgtcaacgttgt >X65923_253 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagtagcaggccgcatgcttgga >X65923_280 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagttcatggttccctggcccgt >X65923_339 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaacaggagaagaagaagaagaa >X65923_340 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aacaggagaagaagaagaagaag >X65923_348 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagaagaagaagacaggtcg >X65923_375 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagcggcggatgcagtacaaccg >X65923_408 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aacgttgtgcccacctttggcaa >X65923_429 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagaagggccccaatgccaa >X65923_432 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagaagggccccaatgccaactc >X65923_435 %GC 60.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagggccccaatgccaactctta >X65923_488 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaaaagccacttagttcagtcaa >X65923_489 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaaagccacttagttcagtcaaa >X65923_490 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaagccacttagttcagtcaaaa >X65923_491 %GC 40.0 Score 7 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagccacttagttcagtcaaaaa >X65923_129 %GC 55.0 Score 6 H.sapiens fau mRNA aaggctcatgtagcctcactgga [Part of this file has been deleted for brevity] gaggccctgactaccctggaagt >X65923_259 %GC 60.0 Score 4 H.sapiens fau mRNA caggccgcatgcttggaggtaaa >X65923_266 %GC 40.0 Score 4 H.sapiens fau mRNA catgcttggaggtaaagttcatg >X65923_342 %GC 40.0 Score 4 H.sapiens fau mRNA caggagaagaagaagaagaagac >X65923_347 %GC 40.0 Score 4 H.sapiens fau mRNA gaagaagaagaagaagacaggtc >X65923_359 %GC 60.0 Score 4 H.sapiens fau mRNA gaagacaggtcgggctaagcggc >X65923_111 %GC 55.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA gaaacggtcgcccagatcaaggc >X65923_113 %GC 65.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA aacggtcgcccagatcaaggctc >X65923_172 %GC 70.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA aagtcgtgctcctggcaggcgcg >X65923_443 %GC 35.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA caatgccaactcttaagtctttt >X65923_456 %GC 35.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA taagtcttttgtaattctggctt >X65923_468 %GC 30.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA aattctggctttctctaataaaa >X65923_484 %GC 30.0 Score 3 H.sapiens fau mRNA aataaaaaagccacttagttcag >X65923_108 %GC 60.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA caggaaacggtcgcccagatcaa >X65923_135 %GC 60.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA catgtagcctcactggagggcat >X65923_139 %GC 60.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA tagcctcactggagggcattgcc >X65923_150 %GC 60.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA gagggcattgccccggaagatca >X65923_171 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA caagtcgtgctcctggcaggcgc >X65923_201 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA gaggatgaggccactctgggcca >X65923_204 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA gatgaggccactctgggccagtg >X65923_245 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA taccctggaagtagcaggccgca >X65923_256 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA tagcaggccgcatgcttggaggt >X65923_285 %GC 65.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA catggttccctggcccgtgctgg >X65923_338 %GC 35.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA caaacaggagaagaagaagaaga >X65923_345 %GC 35.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA gagaagaagaagaagaagacagg >X65923_486 %GC 35.0 Score 2 H.sapiens fau mRNA taaaaaagccacttagttcagtc |
Output files for usage example 2
File: x65923.sirna
########################################
# Program: sirna
# Rundate: Mon 15 Jul 2013 12:00:00
# Commandline: sirna
# -context
# -sequence tembl:x65923
# Report_format: table
# Report_file: x65923.sirna
########################################
#=======================================
#
# Sequence: X65923 from: 1 to: 518
# HitCount: 85
#
# The forward sense sequence shows the first 2 bases of
# the 23 base region in brackets, this should be ignored
# when ordering siRNA probes.
# CDS region found in feature table starting at 57
#
#=======================================
Start End Strand Score GC% Sense_siRNA Antisense_siRNA
308 330 + 9.000 50.0 (AA)AAGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCdTdT GGAGUCUGACCUCUCACUUdTdT
309 331 + 9.000 50.0 (AA)AGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUdTdT AGGAGUCUGACCUCUCACUdTdT
310 332 + 9.000 50.0 (AA)GUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUAdTdT UAGGAGUCUGACCUCUCACdTdT
351 373 + 9.000 50.0 (AA)GAAGAAGAAGACAGGUCGGdTdT CCGACCUGUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
166 188 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)GAUCAAGUCGUGCUCCUGGdTdT CCAGGAGCACGACUUGAUCdTdT
279 301 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)AGUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCCdTdT GGCCAGGGAACCAUGAACUdTdT
330 352 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)GGUGGCCAAACAGGAGAAGdTdT CUUCUCCUGUUUGGCCACCdTdT
354 376 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)GAAGAAGACAGGUCGGGCUdTdT AGCCCGACCUGUCUUCUUCdTdT
357 379 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)GAAGACAGGUCGGGCUAAGdTdT CUUAGCCCGACCUGUCUUCdTdT
393 415 + 8.000 55.0 (AA)CCGGCGCUUUGUCAACGUUdTdT AACGUUGACAAAGCGCCGGdTdT
253 275 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GUAGCAGGCCGCAUGCUUGdTdT CAAGCAUGCGGCCUGCUACdTdT
280 302 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCCCdTdT GGGCCAGGGAACCAUGAACdTdT
339 361 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)ACAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGdTdT CUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGUdTdT
340 362 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)CAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGAdTdT UCUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGdTdT
348 370 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)GAAGAAGAAGAAGACAGGUdTdT ACCUGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
375 397 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GCGGCGGAUGCAGUACAACdTdT GUUGUACUGCAUCCGCCGCdTdT
408 430 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)CGUUGUGCCCACCUUUGGCdTdT GCCAAAGGUGGGCACAACGdTdT
429 451 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GAAGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCdTdT GGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUUCdTdT
432 454 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCAACdTdT GUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCdTdT
435 457 + 7.000 60.0 (AA)GGGCCCCAAUGCCAACUCUdTdT AGAGUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCdTdT
488 510 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)AAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCdTdT GACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUdTdT
489 511 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)AAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAdTdT UGACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUdTdT
490 512 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)AGCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAAdTdT UUGACUGAACUAAGUGGCUdTdT
491 513 + 7.000 40.0 (AA)GCCACUUAGUUCAGUCAAAdTdT UUUGACUGAACUAAGUGGCdTdT
129 151 + 6.000 55.0 (AA)GGCUCAUGUAGCCUCACUGdTdT CAGUGAGGCUACAUGAGCCdTdT
165 187 + 6.000 50.0 (GA)AGAUCAAGUCGUGCUCCUGdTdT CAGGAGCACGACUUGAUCUdTdT
278 300 + 6.000 50.0 (UA)AAGUUCAUGGUUCCCUGGCdTdT GCCAGGGAACCAUGAACUUdTdT
[Part of this file has been deleted for brevity]
374 396 + 5.000 55.0 (UA)AGCGGCGGAUGCAGUACAAdTdT UUGUACUGCAUCCGCCGCUdTdT
383 405 + 5.000 55.0 (GA)UGCAGUACAACCGGCGCUUdTdT AAGCGCCGGUUGUACUGCAdTdT
387 409 + 5.000 55.0 (CA)GUACAACCGGCGCUUUGUCdTdT GACAAAGCGCCGGUUGUACdTdT
390 412 + 5.000 55.0 (UA)CAACCGGCGCUUUGUCAACdTdT GUUGACAAAGCGCCGGUUGdTdT
392 414 + 5.000 55.0 (CA)ACCGGCGCUUUGUCAACGUdTdT ACGUUGACAAAGCGCCGGUdTdT
407 429 + 5.000 55.0 (CA)ACGUUGUGCCCACCUUUGGdTdT CCAAAGGUGGGCACAACGUdTdT
428 450 + 5.000 55.0 (CA)AGAAGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCdTdT GCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUUCUdTdT
431 453 + 5.000 55.0 (GA)AGAAGGGCCCCAAUGCCAAdTdT UUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUUCUdTdT
434 456 + 5.000 60.0 (GA)AGGGCCCCAAUGCCAACUCdTdT GAGUUGGCAUUGGGGCCCUdTdT
444 466 + 5.000 35.0 (AA)UGCCAACUCUUAAGUCUUUdTdT AAAGACUUAAGAGUUGGCAdTdT
487 509 + 5.000 35.0 (AA)AAAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGUdTdT ACUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUUdTdT
123 145 + 4.000 50.0 (CA)GAUCAAGGCUCAUGUAGCCdTdT GGCUACAUGAGCCUUGAUCdTdT
125 147 + 4.000 50.0 (GA)UCAAGGCUCAUGUAGCCUCdTdT GAGGCUACAUGAGCCUUGAdTdT
128 150 + 4.000 50.0 (CA)AGGCUCAUGUAGCCUCACUdTdT AGUGAGGCUACAUGAGCCUdTdT
155 177 + 4.000 50.0 (CA)UUGCCCCGGAAGAUCAAGUdTdT ACUUGAUCUUCCGGGGCAAdTdT
234 256 + 4.000 60.0 (GA)GGCCCUGACUACCCUGGAAdTdT UUCCAGGGUAGUCAGGGCCdTdT
259 281 + 4.000 60.0 (CA)GGCCGCAUGCUUGGAGGUAdTdT UACCUCCAAGCAUGCGGCCdTdT
266 288 + 4.000 40.0 (CA)UGCUUGGAGGUAAAGUUCAdTdT UGAACUUUACCUCCAAGCAdTdT
342 364 + 4.000 40.0 (CA)GGAGAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGdTdT CUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUCCdTdT
347 369 + 4.000 40.0 (GA)AGAAGAAGAAGAAGACAGGdTdT CCUGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUdTdT
359 381 + 4.000 60.0 (GA)AGACAGGUCGGGCUAAGCGdTdT CGCUUAGCCCGACCUGUCUdTdT
111 133 + 3.000 55.0 (GA)AACGGUCGCCCAGAUCAAGdTdT CUUGAUCUGGGCGACCGUUdTdT
113 135 + 3.000 65.0 (AA)CGGUCGCCCAGAUCAAGGCdTdT GCCUUGAUCUGGGCGACCGdTdT
172 194 + 3.000 70.0 (AA)GUCGUGCUCCUGGCAGGCGdTdT CGCCUGCCAGGAGCACGACdTdT
443 465 + 3.000 35.0 (CA)AUGCCAACUCUUAAGUCUUdTdT AAGACUUAAGAGUUGGCAUdTdT
456 478 + 3.000 35.0 (UA)AGUCUUUUGUAAUUCUGGCdTdT GCCAGAAUUACAAAAGACUdTdT
468 490 + 3.000 30.0 (AA)UUCUGGCUUUCUCUAAUAAdTdT UUAUUAGAGAAAGCCAGAAdTdT
484 506 + 3.000 30.0 (AA)UAAAAAAGCCACUUAGUUCdTdT GAACUAAGUGGCUUUUUUAdTdT
108 130 + 2.000 60.0 (CA)GGAAACGGUCGCCCAGAUCdTdT GAUCUGGGCGACCGUUUCCdTdT
135 157 + 2.000 60.0 (CA)UGUAGCCUCACUGGAGGGCdTdT GCCCUCCAGUGAGGCUACAdTdT
139 161 + 2.000 60.0 (UA)GCCUCACUGGAGGGCAUUGdTdT CAAUGCCCUCCAGUGAGGCdTdT
150 172 + 2.000 60.0 (GA)GGGCAUUGCCCCGGAAGAUdTdT AUCUUCCGGGGCAAUGCCCdTdT
171 193 + 2.000 65.0 (CA)AGUCGUGCUCCUGGCAGGCdTdT GCCUGCCAGGAGCACGACUdTdT
201 223 + 2.000 65.0 (GA)GGAUGAGGCCACUCUGGGCdTdT GCCCAGAGUGGCCUCAUCCdTdT
204 226 + 2.000 65.0 (GA)UGAGGCCACUCUGGGCCAGdTdT CUGGCCCAGAGUGGCCUCAdTdT
245 267 + 2.000 65.0 (UA)CCCUGGAAGUAGCAGGCCGdTdT CGGCCUGCUACUUCCAGGGdTdT
256 278 + 2.000 65.0 (UA)GCAGGCCGCAUGCUUGGAGdTdT CUCCAAGCAUGCGGCCUGCdTdT
285 307 + 2.000 65.0 (CA)UGGUUCCCUGGCCCGUGCUdTdT AGCACGGGCCAGGGAACCAdTdT
338 360 + 2.000 35.0 (CA)AACAGGAGAAGAAGAAGAAdTdT UUCUUCUUCUUCUCCUGUUdTdT
345 367 + 2.000 35.0 (GA)GAAGAAGAAGAAGAAGACAdTdT UGUCUUCUUCUUCUUCUUCdTdT
486 508 + 2.000 35.0 (UA)AAAAAGCCACUUAGUUCAGdTdT CUGAACUAAGUGGCUUUUUdTdT
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
#---------------------------------------
# Total_sequences: 1
# Total_length: 518
# Reported_sequences: 1
# Reported_hitcount: 85
#---------------------------------------
|
The siRNAs are reported in order of best score first.
sirna reports both the sense and antisense siRNAs as 5' to 3'.
Data files
None.Notes
RNA interference (RNAi) is a phenomenon whereby small interfering RNA strands (siRNA) inhibit gene expression at the level of transcription or translation of specific genes. RNAi is a defence mechanism against viruses and is important in regulating development and genome maintenance. siRNA are double stranded RNA molecules where one or the other strand is strongly complementary to a target RNA strand. Once they bind to a target, a nuclease protein guided by the siRNA cleaves the target and renders it untranslateable.
Gene silencing using RNAi has been used to determine the function of many genes in Drosophilia, C. elegans, and many plant species. The duration of knockdown by siRNA can typically last for 7-10 days, and has been shown to transfer to daughter cells. Of further note, siRNAs are effective at quantities much lower than alternative gene silencing methodologies, including antisense and ribozyme based strategies.
Due to various mechanisms of antiviral response to long dsRNA, RNAi at first proved more difficult to establish in mammalian species. Then, Tuschl, Elbashir, and others discovered that RNAi can be elicited very effectively by well-defined 21-base duplex RNAs. When these small interfering RNA, or siRNA, are added in duplex form with a transfection agent to mammalian cell cultures, the 21-base-pair RNA acts in concert with cellular components to silence the gene with sequence homology to one of the siRNA sequences. Strategies for the design of effective siRNA sequences have been recently documented, most notably by Sayda Elbashir, Thomas Tuschl, et al.
Their studies of mammalian RNAi suggest that the most efficient gene-silencing effect is achieved using double-stranded siRNA having a 19-nucleotide complementary region and a 2-nucleotide 3' overhang at each end. Current models of the RNAi mechanism suggest that the antisense siRNA strand recognizes the specific gene target.
In gene-specific RNAi, the coding region (CDS) of the mRNA is usually targeted. The search for an appropriate target sequence should begin 50-100 nucleotides downstream of the start codon. UTR-binding proteins and/or translation initiation complexes may interfere with the binding of the siRNP endonuclease complex. Tuschl, Elbashir et al. say that they have successfully used siRNAs targetting the 3' UTR. To avoid interference from mRNA regulatory proteins, sequences in the 5' untranslated region or near the start codon should not be targeted.
A set of rules for the design of siRNA has been suggested http://www.mpibpc.gwdg.de/abteilungen/100/105/sirna.html based on the work of Tuschl, Elbashir et al. They suggest searching for 23-nt sequence motif AA(N19)TT (N, any nucleotide) and select hits with approx. 50% G/C-content (30% to 70% has also worked in for them). If no suitable sequences are found, the search is extended using the motif NA(N21). The sequence of the sense siRNA corresponds to (N19)TT or N21 (position 3 to 23 of the 23-nt motif), respectively. In the latter case, they convert the 3' end of the sense siRNA to TT.
The rationale for this sequence conversion is to generate a symmetric duplex with respect to the sequence composition of the sense and antisense 3' overhangs. The antisense siRNA is synthesized as the complement to position 1 to 21 of the 23-nt motif. Because position 1 of the 23-nt motif is not recognized sequence-specifically by the antisense siRNA, the 3'-most nucleotide residue of the antisense siRNA, can be chosen deliberately. However, the penultimate nucleotide of the antisense siRNA (complementary to position 2 of the 23-nt motif) should always be complementary to the targeted sequence. For simplifying chemical synthesis, they always use TT.
More recently, they preferentially select siRNAs corresponding to the target motif NAR(N17)YNN, where R is purine (A, G) and Y is pyrimidine (C, U). The respective 21-nt sense and antisense siRNAs therefore begin with a purine nucleotide and can also be expressed from pol III expression vectors without a change in targeting site; expression of RNAs from pol III promoters is only efficient when the first transcribed nucleotide is a purine.
They always design siRNAs with symmetric 3' TT overhangs, believing that symmetric 3' overhangs help to ensure that the siRNPs are formed with approximately equal ratios of sense and antisense target RNA-cleaving siRNPs Please note that the modification of the overhang of the sense sequence of the siRNA duplex is not expected to affect targeted mRNA recognition, as the antisense siRNA strand guides target recognition. In summary, no matter what you do to your overhangs, siRNAs should still function to a reasonable extent. However, using TT in the 3' overhang will always help your RNA synthesis company to let you know when you accidentally order a siRNA sequences 3' to 5' rather than in the recommended format of 5' to 3'. sirna reports both the sense and antisense siRNAs as 5' to 3'.
Xeragon.com also suggest that choosing a region of the mRNA with a GC content as close as possible to 50% is a more important consideration than choosing a target sequence that begins with AA. They also suggest that a key consideration in target selection is to avoid having more than three guanosines in a row, since poly G sequences can hyperstack and form agglomerates that potentially interfere with the siRNA silencing mechanism.
siRNAs appear to effectively silence genes in more than 80% of cases. Current data indicate that there are regions of some mRNAs where gene silencing does not work. To help ensure that a given target gene is silenced, it is advised that at least two target sequences as far apart on the gene as possible be chosen.
Coding region specification
It's possible (although the evidence is unclear) that regulatory protein binding to regions in and near the untranslated 5' region might interfere with the RNAi process. Therefore, this program avoids choosing siRNA probes from the 5' UTR and from the first 50 bases of the coding region. The second 50 bases of the coding region has a penalty associated with it to reduce the reporting of possible siRNA probes in this region. If the input sequence has a feature table specifying a coding region, then this will be used, else you can specify the start of the coding region, where this is known by the -sbegin command-line qualifier (which is normally used to specify the start of the region of a sequence that should be analysed in all EMBOSS programs). sirna looks at the feature table of the input mRNA sequence to find the coding regions (CDS). It will ignore the 5' UTR and the first 50 bases of the CDS. It will assign a penalty of 2 points to any siRNA in positions 51 to 100 in the CDS. If there is no CDS in the feature table, you can specify the CDS by using the command-line qualifier -sbegin to indicate where the CDS should start. If there is no CDS in the feature table and you do not use the command-line qualifier -sbegin, then sirna will assume that the CDS region is not known and will look for siRNAs in the whole of the sequence with no penaties associated with the location within the sequence. All these confusing regions There are a lot of references to 23 base regions, 21 base regions, 19 base regions, etc. in any description of siRNA. Perhaps an example with a sequence would be clearer? The 23 base region, in this case starting with an AA, might typically look like:5' AAGUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUATCThe sense siRNA is made from the 19 bases of positions 3 to 21 of the 23 base target region, so:
5' GUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUAand then typically d(TT) is added, so:
5' GUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUAdTdTThe antisense siRNA sequence is made from bases 3 to 21 of the target region, so:
5' GUGAGAGGUCAGACUCCUA sense 3' CACUCUCCAGUCUGAGGAU antisense 3' -> 5'so the antisense sequence that should be ordered with d(TT) added is:
5' UAGGAGUCUGACCUCUCACdTdT antisense 5' -> 3'
References
- Elbashir, S. M., et al. (2001a). Duplexes of 21-nucleotide RNAs mediate RNA interference in mammalian cell culture. Nature 411: 494-498.
- Elbashir, S. M., W. Lendeckel and T. Tuschl (2001b). RNA interference is mediated by 21 and 22 nt RNAs. Genes & Dev. 15: 188-200.
Warnings
It is assumed that the input sequence is mRNA.Diagnostic Error Messages
None.Exit status
It always exits with status 0.Known bugs
None.See also
| Program name | Description |
|---|---|
| banana | Plot bending and curvature data for B-DNA |
| btwisted | Calculate the twisting in a B-DNA sequence |
| einverted | Find inverted repeats in nucleotide sequences |
| marscan | Find matrix/scaffold recognition (MRS) signatures in DNA sequences |
| trimest | Remove poly-A tails from nucleotide sequences |
Author(s)
Gary Williams formerly at:MRC Rosalind Franklin Centre for Genomics Research Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1SB, UK
Please report all bugs to the EMBOSS bug team (emboss-bug © emboss.open-bio.org) not to the original author.